The
Chemical Educator, Vol. 12,
No.5, Media Reviews, © 2007 The Chemical Educator
Media Reviews
The
Chemical Educator, Vol. 12,
No.5, Media Reviews, © 2007 The Chemical Educator
Media Reviews
Handbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. Shayne Cox Gad, Editor. Wiley-Interscience: Hoboken, NJ, 2007. Tables, figures, charts. xix + 1659 pp. 18.5 ´ 25.8 cm.; hardcover. $195.00; €169; SFR267; ISBN 978-0-471-21386-4.
This volume describes the use of biotechnology in developing pharmaceuticals. This process of biotechnological drug development systematically identifies which protein is causing a problem in the human body, because it is absent, defective, or excessive, and then identifies and engineers a protein or related molecule to correct the problem.
The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology provides pharmaceutical scientists with a basic tool to facilitate the development of biotech medicines by bringing together in one resource a general overview of biotechnology used in the drug development process spanning the entire process from discovery, development, and manufacturing to the regulations and validation methods that must be considered when using biotechnology to develop a new drug, along with extensive coverage of applications.
The handbook’s editor, Shayne Cox Gad, Ph.D., F.A.B.T., A.T.S. (b. 1948), is the Principal of Gad Consulting Services of Cary, NC, a toxicology and regulatory consulting firm that he founded in 1994. It has served the needs of more than 280 client firms around the world in the fields of pharmaceutical development and regulation, drug development, biotechnology, medical device development and registration, litigation support and expert witness services, experimental design, clinical and biostatistics report writing, statistical analysis and risk assessment, dietary supplement evaluation and review, biocompatibility, clinical data management, occupational toxicology, and training. The holder of a B.S. degree in chemistry and biology from Whittier College (1970) and a Ph.D. degree from the University of Texas, Austin (1977), Gad has worked in supervisory positions at Shell Research (1979–80), Allied Corporation (1980–86), G. D. Searle (1986–91), Becton Dickinson (1991–93), and Synergen (1993–94). With more than 30 years of experience as a toxicologist, statistical consultant, manager, and consultant on research and development in the chemical, consumer product, contract testing, biotechnology, medical device, and pharmaceutical industries, he is the author or editor of 30 books [1–3], 48 chapters, and more than 250 articles and abstracts.
This international venture involved 104 contributors from academic, pharmaceutical, and governmental laboratories in 16 countries—the United States (32); Canada (20); Germany (10); Japan (nine); China and South Korea (six each); France and the Netherlands (five each); New Zealand, Portugal, and Switzerland (two each); and Greece, Israel, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (one each).
The handbook includes hundreds of figures, tables (some as long as 11 pages), diagrams, graphs, images of experiments and equipment, chemical and mathematical equations, structural formulas, reaction and mechanism schemes, flowsheets, and fluorescence images. A seven-double-column-page index with italicized letters f and t to indicate figures and tables, respectively, facilitates location of material. The thousands of references include books and articles as recent as 2006 as well as websites. Although the figures in the handbook are in black and white, selected figures from the book are available in full color at ftp://ftp.wiley.com/public/sci_tech_med/pharmaceutical_biotech.
The 50 chapters, each written by leading authorities in the area and each divided into numbered sections, subsections, and sub-subsections, deal with all of the major approaches to the problem of identifying, producing, and formulating new biologically derived therapeutics. The following list shows the wide range of topics dealt with in the handbook:
Chapter 1.1, “From Gene to Product: The Advantage of Integrative Biotechnology”
Chapter 1.2, “Sequencing the Human Genome: Was It Worth It?”
Chapter 1.3, “Overview: Differentiating Issues in the Development of Macromolecules Compared with Small Molecules”
Chapter 1.4, “Integrated Development of Glycobiologics: From Discovery to Applications in the Design of Nanoparticular Drug Delivery Systems”
Chapter 1.5, “R & D Paradigm Shift and Billion-Dollar Biologics”
Chapter 2, “From Defining Bioinformatics and Pharmacogenomics to Developing Information-Based Medicine and Pharmacotyping in Health Care”
Chapter 3.1, “Toxicogenomics”
Chapter 3.2, “Preclinical Pharmacokinetics”
Chapter 3.3, “Strategies for the Cytosolic Delivery of Macromolecules: An Overview”
Chapter 4.1, “Basic Issues in the Manufacture of Macromolecules”
Chapter 4.2, “Process Validation for Biopharmaceuticals”
Chapter 4.3, “Stability Assessment and Formulation Characterization”
Chapter 4.4, “Protein Posttranslational Modification: A Potential Target in Pharmaceutical Development”
Chapter 4.5, “PEGylation: Camouflage of Proteins, Cells, and Nanoparticles Against Recognition by the Body’s Defense Mechanism”
Chapter 4.6, “Unexpected Benefits of a Formulation: Case Study with Erythropoetin”
Chapter 5.1, “Capillary Separation Techniques”
Chapter 5.2, “Pharmaceutical Bioassay”
Chapter 5.3, “Analytical Considerations for Immunoassays for Macromolecules”
Chapter 5.4, “Chromatography-Based Separation of Proteins, Peptides, and Amino Acids”
Chapter 5.5, “Bioanalytical Method Validation for Macromolecules”
Chapter 5.6, “Microassays in Drug Discovery and Development”
Chapter 5.7, “Genetic Markers and Genotyping Analyses for Genetic Disease Studies”
Chapter 6.1, “Proteins: Hormones, Enzymes, and Monoclonal Antibodies—Background”
Chapter 6.2, “Formulation and Delivery Issues of Therapeutic Proteins”
Chapter 6.3, “Pharmacokinetics”
Chapter 6.4, “Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins”
Chapter 6.5, “Development and Characterization of High-Affinity Anti-Topotecan IgG and Fab Fragments”
Chapter 6.6, “Recombinant Antibodies for Pathogen Detection and Immunotherapy”
Chapter 6.7, “The Radiopharmaceutical Science of Monoclonal Antibodies and Peptides for Imaging and Targeted in situ Radiotherapy of Malignancies”
Chapter 7.1, “Gene Therapy—Basic Principles and the Road from Bench to Bedside”
Chapter 7.2, “Plasmid DNA and Messenger RNA for Therapy”
Chapter 7.3, “Formulation and Delivery Limitations of Nucleic-Acid-Based Therapies”
Chapter 7.4, “Pharmacokinetics of Nucleic-Acid-Based Therapeutics”
Chapter 7.5, “Case Studies—Development of Oligonucleotides”
Chapter 7.6, “RNA Interference: The Next Gene-Targeted Medicine”
Chapter 7.7, “Delivery Systems for Peptides/Oligonucleotides and Lipophilic Nucleoside Analogs”
Chapter 8.1, “Growth Factors and Cytokines”
Chapter 8.2, “Growth Factors, Cytokines, and Chemokines: Formulation, Delivery, and Pharmacokinetics”
Chapter 9, “Protein Engineering with Noncoded Amino Acids: Applications to Hirudin”
Chapter 10.1, “Production and Purification of Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy”
Chapter 10.2, “Assessing Gene Therapy by Molecular Imaging”
Chapter 11, “Overview of Stem and Artificial Cells”
Chapter 12.1, “Regulation of Small-Molecule Drugs Versus Biologicals Versus Biotech Products”
Chapter 12.2, “Intellectual Property and Biotechnology”
Chapter 12.3, “Compatibility Studies for Later-Generation Products—Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals”
Chapter 12.4, “Biosimilars”
Chapter 13.1, “The Promise of Individualized Therapy”
Chapter 13.2, “Enhanced Proteomic Analysis by HPLC Prefractionation”
Chapter 13.3, “An Overview of Metabonomics Techniques and Applications”
Chapter 13.4, “Bioterrorism”
I am pleased to recommend Gad’s Handbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology as a core reference for pharmaceutical scientists, including development researchers, toxicologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, cell biologists, immunologists, and formulation chemists. With its unparalleled breadth of topics and approaches, it also makes an excellent resource for quality assurance/assessment/control managers, biotechnology technicians, and other workers in the biotechnology industry. It belongs in both academic and industrial libraries.
References and Notes
1. For example, Gad, S. C. Drug Safety Evaluation; Wiley-Interscience: Hoboken, NJ, 2002; 1024 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-40727-0.
2. Gad, S. C. Ed. Drug Discovery Handbook; Wiley-Interscience: Hoboken, NJ, 2005. For a review see Kauffman, G. B. Chem. Educator 2005, 10, 409–410; DOI 10.1333/s00897050960a.
3. A forthcoming book is Gad, S. C., Ed. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook; Wiley-Interscience: Hoboken, NJ, 2008; 1464 pp.; ISBN 978-0-471-21391-8.
George B. Kauffman
California State University, Fresno, georgek@csufresno.edu
S1430-4171(07) 52079-6, 10.1333/s00897072079a
Kirk–Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fifth Edition. Arza Seidel, Editor-in-Chief. Wiley-Interscience, A John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication: Hoboken, NJ, 2004-2007. 27 volumes. Figs., tables. 22,950 pp., hardbound, 18.4 ´ 25.9 cm. $7,850.00. Individual volumes have different ISBNs and are available separately for $310.00 each except for Volumes 26 and 27, which cost $295.00 each; ISBN 978-0-471-48494-3.
The chemical industry is actually a dominant and diverse field of manufacturing and scientific research. It includes a wide range of somewhat different industries—from the established petrochemicals to the emerging advanced materials industry. It manufactures organic and inorganic chemicals, plastics, agrochemicals, dyes and colorants, paints and coatings, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, to mention a few of its sectors. Furthermore, it also plays a key role in the supply chain of many other branches, and it provides services, such as testing and control of materials, to other industries. However, regardless of the product, scale of production, or the manufacturing process that is employed, basic scientific principles and common practices prevail throughout the industry.
It is true that a large amount of information about chemistry and chemical technology is currently available via various communication channels. Nevertheless the Kirk–Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (ECT) has retained its unique role as the “Bible” and “Britannica” of chemical technology for almost six decades by providing the necessary perspective and insight into pertinent aspects, rather than merely presenting information that can be found elsewhere. It has been designed to present the versatile field of chemical technology to professionals who want to learn about technologically significant materials, older established ones as well as the most recent methods and relevant phenomena, and it brings together and treats systematically facts on the properties, manufacturing, and uses of chemicals and materials, unit operations, processes, and engineering principles, coupled with insights into the latest research, emerging technologies, and economic aspects as well as environmental and health concerns.
As the premier reference to all aspects of the chemical industry in the English language, the Kirk–Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology has been dubbed “the most famous chemical encyclopedia” and the “single most valuable resource in a chemistry library’s reference collection” [1]. The first edition (1949–1960) reflected the enormous growth in the chemical process industry, especially in the United States, during and after World II. The second edition (1963–1971), about half as long again as the first, reflected the increased emphasis on plastics and petrochemical products as well as the expansion of the chemical industry as an international enterprise, as shown by the increased coverage and contributions from foreign authorities. The third edition (1978–1984) continued to present the best worldwide practice in chemical technology and reflected urgent concerns about energy, safety, and environmental issues. The fourth edition (1991–1998) expanded the coverage of the third edition by about twenty percent and preserved the format of the third edition, while reflecting the emerging importance of materials science in such fields as biotechnology, computer science, and electronics [2].
The fifth edition (2004–2007) is based on the content and format of previous editions with additions, adjustments, and modernization of the content that reflects the changes and developments in the field. Emphasis has been placed on sustainable and environmentally conscious (“green”) chemical technology, advanced characterization and analytical techniques, synthesis and fabrication methods, and new materials made available with modern technology.
The majority of the 1216 contributors to ETC 5 are prominent industrial or consulting chemists, but academic and theoretical chemists, although still in the minority, are represented to a greater extent than in ETC 4. Furthermore, although the contributors are largely American, there are now many more authors from all over the world than in earlier editions. Two of the contributors are Nobel laureates, George A. Olah of the University of Southern California (Friedel–Crafts Reactions) and the late Glenn T. Seaborg (Actinides and Transactinides; updated by Darleane Hoffman). Many include prominent authorities in their respective fields such as Jacquline Akhavan of the Royal Military College of Science (Explosives and Propellants); William R. Dolbier, Jr. of the University of Florida (Hydrofluorocarbons); Kevin G. Ewsuk (Ceramics, Processing) and S. Jill Glass (Ceramics, Mechanical Properties) of Sandia National Laboratories; Joseph J. Katz of the Argonne National Laboratory (Deuterium and Tritium); John J. Mooney of the Environmental & Energy Technology & Policy Institute (Emission Control, Automotive); Kenneth R. Seddon of Queens University of Belfast (Ionic Liquids); and Robert H. Wentorf, Jr. (Diamond, Synthetic). Some of the contributors are deceased; for example, Glenn T. Seaborg and Edward I. Stiefel of the Exxon Research Engineering Company (Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys; Molybdenum Compounds).
More than a thousand articles, over 600 of which are new or updated, includehundreds of figures, tables, and photographs as well asthousands of references to books, articles, patents, and Internet sites, some as recent as 2006. Each volume contains a table of contents and a list of contributors and their article titles for that particular volume as well as a 16-page list of conversion factors, abbreviations, and unit symbols. Volume 26 also includes a supplement of 10 additional articles. Volume 27 contains a 12 double-column-page table of contents for all the preceding 26 volumes, a 27 double-column-page list of contributors and their article titles for all the volumes, and a 1,040 double-column-page index (page references in bold type indicate primary articles, and references followed by “t” designate material in tables) for the entire set.
Because the individual volumes of ETC 5 are available for sale separately, a list of their alphabetically arranged contents may be useful to prospective purchasers:
Volume 1. Abrasives to Air Pollution Control, Indoor. 872 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48522-5
Volume 2. Alcohols, Higher Aliphatic, Survey to Antiaging Agents. 864 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48521-6
Volume 3. Antibacterial Agents, Overview to Bioseparations. 880 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48520-9
Volume 4. Bismuth and Bismuth Alloys to Carbon Disulfide. 872 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48519-3
Volume 5. Carbon Monoxide to Chemiluminescence, Analytical Applications. 896 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48518-6
Volume 6. Chemoinformatics to Coal Liquefaction. 896 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48517-9
Volume 7. Coating Processes to Cosmetics. 896 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48516-2
Volume 8. Cotton to Distillation, Azeotropic, and Extractive. 880 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48515-5
Volume 9. Drilling Fluids to Electroplating. 864 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48514-8
Volume 10. Embedding to Feeds and Feed Additives, Ruminant Feeds. 898 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48513-1
Volume 11. Fermentation to Fluoroethers and Fluoroamines. 912 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48512-4
Volume 12. Foams to Groundwater Monitoring. 872 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48511-7
Volume 13. Growth Regulators, Animal to Hydrogen Energy. 896 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48510-0
Volume 14. Hydrogen Fluoride to Light Emitting Diodes. 896 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48509-4
Volume 15. Lignin to Membrane Technology. 880 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48508-7
Volume 16. Membranes, Hollow-Fiber to Molecular Sieves. 880 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48507-0
Volume 17. Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys. 880 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48506-3
Volume 18. Packaging, Containers for Industrial Materials to Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates. 888 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48505-6
Volume 19. Phosphorus to Polychloroprene. 890 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48504-9
Volume 20. Polyester Fibers to Proteins. 866 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48503-2
Volume 21. Pulp to Safety. 869 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48502-5
Volume 22. Salicylic Acid and Related Compounds to Sodium Sulfates and Sulfides. 876 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48501-8
Volume 23. Solar Energy Materials to Superconductivity and Superconductors. 912 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48599-8
Volume 24. Supercritical Fluids to Titanium and Titanium Alloys. 870 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48598-1
Volume 25. Titanium Compounds, Inorganic to Wastewater Treatment. 920 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48597-4
Volume 26. Water to Zirconium and Zirconium Compounds. Supplement. Air Pollution Control Methods to Sampling Techniques. 1,040 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48595-0
Volume 27. Index to Volumes 1-26. 1,040 pp; ISBN 978-0-471-48596-7
ECT 5 is available on Wiley InterScience online in full color and with additional content [3]. More than ten percent of the content is updated annually, while previous versions of revised articles are archived for posterity. Because the online version is updated continuously, it does not correspond to a given print edition. Monthly updates serve to keep the online version on the cutting edge of chemical technology.
An easy-to-use interface permits one to search (for a topic by phrase, author, title, or keywords) or browse (by the alphabetical and subject lists of articles) through the articles for rapid reference and convenience. Sections of articles can be easily downloaded and printed. Separate windows enable the user to view and scroll through the bibliography, figures, and tables, while simultaneously viewing the text. Hyperlinks permit users to cross-reference an article to the referenced article.
Institutional customers may license the online version on an annual basis or select titles for a one-time fee option. The costs depend on the type of institution, number of users, and the size and type of any existing license with Wiley InterScience. For details on pricing information contact info@4ulr.com. As of August 16, 2007, since January, 2007 five new articles have been posted (Hemodialysis; Ionic Liquids; Reliability; Sampling Techniques; and Yeasts, Molecular and Therapeutic Applications), and 27 articles from Air Pollution Control Methods to Zirconium and Zirconium Compounds have been updated and/or revised.
As was the case with ECT 4 [4], ECT 5 is available in an inexpensive, concise version that summarizes more than 700 of the articles in the main volumes of ECT 5 [5]. The only possible competitor to the complete ECT 5 is the larger and more expensive Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, which began publishing in English with the fifth edition (1985–1996) [6]. Kirk–Othmer is more popular in English-speaking countries because it has always been published in English. Both encyclopedias are widely viewed as having similar coverage and are complementary, with Kirk–Othmer having a more North American viewpoint and Ullmann having a more European/Japanese viewpoint.
I am pleased to recommend heartily the Kirk–Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fifth Edition, a goldmine of accurate, authoritative, and up-to-date information, as an indispensable reference source to all professionals who depend on chemical and engineering data—chemists and chemical engineers; researchers in academia, industrial, and government institutions; educators and students of related disciplines as well as patent attorneys and other consultants.
It is also a sine qua non for science and technology libraries. The print edition, updated with its online version, should be definitive for many years to come.
References
1. Wiggins, G. Chemical Information Sources; McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, NY, 1991; p 276.
2. For a review of ECT 4 see Kauffman, G. B. Am. Sci. 1996, 84, 192–193.
3. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/mrwhome/104554789/HOME (accessed Sept 2007).
4. Kirk–Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition; Kroschwitz, J. I.; Howe-Grant, M., Eds.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, NY, 2001. For a review see Kauffman, G. B. Chem. Educator 2002, 7, 389; DOI 10.1333/s00897020633a.
5. Kirk–Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th ed.; 2 volumes; Wiley Interscience: Hoboken, NJ, 2007; hardbound; 2762 pp; $395.00; ISBN 978-0-470-04748-4.
6. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed.; Gerhartz, W.; Schulz, G. et al., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1985–1996; 6th ed., Networkable CD-ROM, Kellersohn, T.; Elvers, B.; Hawkins, S.; Winter, U., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1998, book and CD-ROM. For a review see Kauffman,G. B. Chem. Educator 2000, 5, 49–52; DOI 10.1333/s000897000360a. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th ed.; 40 volumes; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 2003; hardbound; 30,080 pp; $8,400.00; ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4; also available with updates online (http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/ueic) (accessed Sept 2007).
George B. Kauffman
California State University, Fresno, georgek@csufresno.edu
S1430-4171(07)52080-5, 10.1333/s00897072080a
Integrated Approach to Coordination Chemistry: An Inorganic Laboratory Guide. Rosemary A. Marusak, Kate Doan, and Scott D. Cummings. Wiley-Interscience: Hoboken, NJ, 2007. Figures, tables. xxi + 266 pp. 18.3 ´ 25.9 cm.; $59.95; £33.50; €52.90; SFR85. ISBN 978-0-471-46438-9.
In order to graduate as a chemistry major fulfilling the requirements of the American Chemical Society, a student must take a laboratory course in inorganic chemistry. Because of its applications in medicine, the environment, molecular biology, organic synthesis, and inorganic materials, many inorganic laboratory instructors choose to emphasize coordination chemistry, one of the most exciting and active areas, rather than trying to deal with all aspects of inorganic chemistry. Integrated Approach to Coordination Chemistry: An Inorganic Laboratory Guide,dedicated to Gordon L. Johnson of Kenyon College, who followed in the footsteps of his Doktorvater, John C. Bailar, Jr., and who introduced the integrated approach to teaching inorganic chemistry exemplified in this book, presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of coordination chemistry in the context of the historical development of the field and through experimental discovery in the laboratory.
The authors are eminently qualified to write such a book. Rosemary A. Marusak, the senior author, received her B.A. (chemistry) and B.S. (biology) degrees from Providence College and her Ph.D. degree in mechanistic coordination chemistry from the University of Notre Dame in 1990. After spending the years 1990–1993 as an NIH Postdoctoral Fellow in bioinorganic chemistry at the University of California, Davis, she became Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Kenyon College, where she spent the next 11 years as Chair of the Chemistry Department and Co-chair of the Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program. In her active undergraduate research program in bioinorganic chemistry she and her students investigated the chemistry and reactivity of the anti-cancer, cardioprotective iron ICRF complexes. She spent a year-long sabbatical at the University of Manitoba, Winnepeg, where she gained expertise in cell biology techniques. She recently left Kenyon to pursue a degree in veterinary medicine at Michigan State University and is a Research Associate in the CVM-MSU Equine Foot Laboratory, where she conducts cell biology and molecular biology research on diseases of the equine foot.
Kate Doan, former Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Kenyon College, is now pursuing Master’s degrees in science education and mathematics education at the University of Minnesota. Scott D. Cummings, who received his B.S. degree from Binghamton University and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Rochester, is Associate Professor of Chemistry at Kenyon College. Many of the experiments described in the manual were developed and used for more than a decade at Kenyon College, and a number of undergraduate students were involved in the experiments and the preparation of the book.
The book’s approach is very different from that usually taken in inorganic laboratory classes. The multi-week format of the laboratories in which students prepare, characterize, and then study the reactivity of coordination compounds is similar to the modern, very effective approach used by molecular and cell biology instructors, who undertake the expression, purification, and study of the biochemistry of a single gene over the course of a semester. After an introduction that provides a summary of concepts, the guide leads students on a progressive, graduated exploration of experimentation. Core chapters deal with inorganic synthesis, quantitative analysis, molecular structure, substitution kinetics, and electron transfer reactions, while advanced topics emphasize major applications of coordination compounds that have emerged during the past few decades such as metals in medicine, the environment, molecular biology, and organic synthesis. A wide variety of metal ions and instrumental techniques are included.
Each of the nine chapters is prefaced with a pertinent quotation, then features a project overview, presents at least five related experiments, and includes detailed references, some as recent as 2003, to articles, books, and websites. Numerous figures, tables, and chemical and mathematical equations are provided. The emphasis on the historical development of the field is unusual in a laboratory manual and most welcome. Fundamentals of techniques, including some biological methods that would be of great interest to bioinorganic chemists, are provided in the later chapters.
Although the experiments in each chapter require approximately one semester to complete fully, instructors may opt to pick and choose experiments from selected chapters and to teach inorganic laboratory in a more traditional manner. Every section and sub-section is numbered. For each experimental procedure, precise, explicit directions are given along with safety precautions, many in boldface, for emphasis. Pre-lab and post-lab questions are included. Blanks and spaces for answers or data are provided.
Levels of difficulty with some explanation, where appropriate, and time requirements are stated at the beginning of each experiment. The five levels and the students for which they are suitable are: (1) Advanced general; (2) Advanced first year and second year; (3) Third year; (4) Advanced third year and fourth year; and (5) Advanced fourth year and beginning graduate. All applied topics are Level 5 because of the incorporation of fields other than inorganic coordination chemistry, for example, cell and yeast culture, solid phase peptide synthesis, or organic catalysis.
In keeping with the emphasis on history, Alfred Werner’s portrait is pictured on the front cover as are original samples of his compounds on the front and back covers, and Werner and his Nobel Prize-winning work play a prominent role in the volume. Many of the modern theories and techniques featured would be undreamed of by the founder of coordination chemistry [1]. Although Alsace was annexed of the Second German Reich in 1871 when Werner was not yet five years old, he served as an einjährig Freiwilliger in the German army (1885–1886), and most of his articles were published in German journals, his sympathies and those of his family were with France, and he would roll over in his grave on finding that he was characterized as “Swiss-German” (p 23). Also, although in 1906 Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915) described the “unusual disease of the cerebral cortex” that made him famous and bears his name, attributing Werner’s premature demise from this malady (p 28) seems unproven unless the Werner family has made access to the Todeschein to the authors.
One of the primary criteria for the choice of a laboratory manual by instructors is the selection of the actual experiments included in the manual. Therefore potential buyers should find the following list useful in reaching a decision:
Chapter 1. Experimental Inorganic Chemistry: A History of Dazzling Color! (11 figures, 5 tables, 21 pp)
Chapter 2. Levels 1–2. Werner’s Notion—Creating the Field: Synthesis and Analysis of Cobalt Ammine Coordination Compounds (9 figures, 6 tables, 31 pp)
Chapter 3. Levels 3 and 4. Molecular Geometry and Stability: Solid and Solution Phase Analysis of N,N¢-disalicylaldehyde-1,3-propanediimine nickel(II) (9 figures, 16 tables, 33 pp, the longest chapter). Mostly unpublished experiments
Chapter 4. Levels 3–4. Reactivity I: Substitution Reactions—The Reaction of Aquapentacyanoferrate(II) Ion [Fe(CN)5(H2O)]3– with Amino Acids (9 figures, 11 tables, 25 pp). The importance of color in inorganic chemistry is emphasized, but the use of spectroscopic techniques for identifying physical and chemical change is also exemplified.
Chapter 5. Levels 4 and 5. Electron Transfer Reactions—Structure, Properties and Reactivity of Tris(bidentate chelate)cobalt(II/III) Complexes (6 figures, 7 tables, 29 pp)
Chapter 6. Levels 4 and 5. Metals in Medicine: Synthesis and Biological Reactivity of the Platinum Anticancer Drug, cis-Platin [2] and its Isomer, trans-Platin (12 figures, 6 tables, 21 pp)
Chapter 7. Levels 4 and 5. Metals in the Environment—Cd2+ Sequestration by Phytochelatins and Bioremediation (14 figures, 4 tables, 32 pp)
Chapter 8. Level 5. Metals in Molecular Biology—Synthesis, Photophysical and Chiral Properties of Tris(1,10-Phenanthroline)Chromium(III): Metal Complex DNA Interactions and Reactivity (7 figures, 3 tables, 22 pp)
Chapter 9. Level 5. Oxidation of a Natural Product by a Vanadium Catalyst: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Vanadyl-bis(2,4-pentanedione), VO(acac)2 (12 figures, 15 pp, the shortest chapter)
Appendix 1. Introduction to Pulsed NMR Spectroscopy of Metal Complexes (5 pp)
Appendix 2. Introduction to Cyclic Voltammetry (6 pp)
Appendix 3. States and Term Symbols for Polyelectronic Systems (2 pp)
Appendix 4. Setting up and Maintaining CHO Cell Culture (5 pp)
Appendix 5. Setting up and Maintaining Yeast Culture (3 pp)
Appendix 6. A Brief Guide to Writing in Chemistry (8 pp). This is an unique but important section that I do not recall ever seeing in any textbook or laboratory manual. Writing style, sentence structure, grammar, and formatting a report are discussed, along with correct and incorrect examples, and references for further study are given.
Index (seven double-column pages)
Considering the scope and depth of the topics in the book, the number of errors does not seem excessive. Most are “typos,” many of names in the references, which could have been detected by more careful proofreading: “an” for “and” in the title of Appendix 4 (p xvii and pp 244–248); “Taessert” for “Tassaert” (p 2); “Violeto” for “Violeo” (Table 1.2, p 3; Table 2.1, p 23); “Chatelier” for “Châtelier” (p 16); “Glen” for “Glenn” (Seaborg, p 17); “Houghten” for “Houghton” (Mifflin, ref. 9, p 20); “Fajan’s” for “Fajans’” (ref. 12, p 21); “Taessert’s” for “Tassaert’s” (Table 2.1, p 23; p 265); “Amine” for “Ammine” (Table 2.1, p 23; pp 261, 263, and 265); “Dubsky” for “Dubský” (twice, p 28); “Nakamota” for “Nakamoto” (ref. 14, p 84); “Kauffaman” for “Kauffman” (ref. 7, p 159. My name is frequently misspelled, but this is a variation that is new to me); and “Streitweiser” for “Streitwieser” (ref. 5, p 228).
There are also a few errors of fact as well—Sophus Mads Jørgensen died in 1914 not 1908 [3] (p 28); Michele Peyrone first synthesized cis-PtCl2(NH3)2 [4] in 1844 not 1845 (p 140). Frequently IUPAC rules are not followed in formulas; for example, “[Co(en)2Cl2]+” for “[CoCl2(en)2]+” (p 9); “[Co(NH3)4(NO2)2]NO2” for “[Co(NO2)2(NH3)4]NO2” (p 3); “[Co(NH3)5Cl]2+” for “[CoCl(NH3)5]2+” (p 8); “[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]” for “[PtCl2(NH3)2]” (p 14); and in nomenclature; for example, “Diammine-dichloroplatinum(II)” for “Diamminedichloroplatinum(II)” (p 141) and “Tris(bidentate chelate) cobaltate(II/III)” for “Tris(bidentate chelate)- cobaltate(II/III)” (pp 12, 111, and 266).Also, citations of references are sometimes inconsistent. For example, although initials rather than first names follow the surnames, occasionally the reverse is used: “P. Pfeiffer” for “Pfeiffer, P.” (ref. 10, p 51); and missing periods: “Frag” for “Frag.” (ref. 23, p 229).
A complementary and complimentary “Notes to the Instructor” guide, including select answers to post-laboratory questions, tips on procedures, sample data, and literature results, intended to help instructors plan, develop, and customize courses, will become available for most chapters online in the near future. The guide will also be useful to provide pertinent answers to students whose instructors choose to skip an experiment that may be needed for the next topic.
The volume is also available as an E-book ($59.95, ISBN 978-0-470-11843-6). For information access http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470118431.html and http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470118431,descCd-ebook.html.
Integrated Approach to Coordination Chemistry: An Inorganic Laboratory Guide, although designed to be “undergraduate friendly,”contains experiments appropriate for instructors and college students at all levels, including graduate students. An excellent laboratory manual, it is also ideal for chemical educators and students in bioinorganic and instrumental analysis courses. While it presents students with a concise review of coordination chemistry, it simultaneously introduces them to the fundamentals of investigative techniques. Sufficient background material is provided for third- and fourth-year students who are non-chemistry majors or who have not yet had a course in inorganic chemistry. The manual also presents a concise review of coordination chemistry that offers supplementary reading to a text. Instructors interested in coordination chemistry in the laboratory may also wish to consult Lawrence A. Nathan’s book [5]. Other inorganic laboratory manuals are available [6–9], but they do not employ the integrative approach of the manual under review here.
A hardbound laboratory manual is a rara avis. While it is certainly sturdier than a paperback volume, it may be difficult to keep open and flat during use. I also shudder to think of the pages of this beautiful book’s being stained or destroyed by corrosive chemicals during usage in the laboratory.
References
1. Kauffman, G. B. Alfred Werner: Founder of Coordination Chemistry; Springer-Verlag: Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1966.
2. Kauffman, G. B.; Cowan, D. A. cis- and trans-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). Inorg. Syn. 1963, 7, 239–245; Kauffman, G. B. This Week's Citation Classic. Current Contents: Engineering, Technology & Applied Sciences February 8, 1988, 19 (6), 20.
3. Kauffman, G. B. Sophus Mads Jørgensen (1837–1914): A Chapter in Coordination Chemistry History. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36(10), 521–527; reprinted in Selected Readings in the History of Chemistry; Ihde, A. J.; Kieffer, W. F., Compilers; Journal of Chemical Education: Easton, PA, 1965; pp 185–191; Sophus Mads Jørgensen and the Werner–Jørgensen Controversy. Chymia 1960, 6, 180–204; Sophus Mads Jørgensen. In Dictionary of Scientific Biography; Gillispie, C. C., Ed.; Charles Scribner's Sons: New York, NY, 1973; Volume 7, pp 179–180; Sophus Mads Jørgensen: A Danish Platinum Metals Pioneer. Platinum Met. Rev. 1992, 36(4), 217–223.
4. Peyrone, M. De l’action de l’ammonique sur le protochorure de platine. Ann. chim. phys. 1844, [3] 11, 193–211; Ueber die Einwirkung des Ammoniaks auf Platinchlorür. Ann. Chem. Pharm. 1844, 51, 1–29.
5. Nathan, L. C. A Laboratory Project in Modern Coordination Chemistry; Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.: Monterey, CA, 1981, 1997; xi + 91 pp, $6.95.
6. Szafran, Z.; Pike, R. M.; Singh, M. M. Microscale Inorganic Chemistry; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1991; 384 pp, paperback, $78.95.
7. Girolami, G. S.; Rauchfuss, T. B.; Angelici, R. J. Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed.; University Science Books: Sausalito, CA, 1999; 272 pp, paperback, $54.00.
8. Tanaka, J.; Suib, S. L. Experimental Methods in Inorganic Chemistry; Prentice-Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1998; 393 pp, paperback, $64.81.
9. Woollins, J. D., Ed. Inorganic Experiments; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1995; 287 pp, paperback, $44.95;2nd completely revised & enlarged ed.; 2003; 398 pp, hardbound, $80.00.
George B. Kauffman
California State University, Fresno, georgek@csufresno.edu
S1430-4171(07)52081-4, 10.1333/s00897072081a